27 December 2000; Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's
Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Portugal on the
Question of Macau, adopted 13 April 87; Basic Law of the Macau Special
Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, enacted by the
National People's Congress 31 March 93, effective 20 December 99, art.
83.
\3\ Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the
People's Republic of China, enacted by the National People's Congress
31 March 93, effective 20 December 99, art. 83; Basic Law of the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China,
enacted by the National People's Congress 4 April 90, effective 1 July
97, art. 85.
\4\ Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the
People's Republic of China, enacted by the National People's Congress
31 March 93, effective 20 December 99, arts. 27, 34; Basic Law of the
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of
China, enacted by the National People's Congress 4 April 90, effective
1 July 97, arts. 27, 32.
\5\ Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the
People's Republic of China, enacted by the National People's Congress 4
April 90, effective 1 July 97, chap. IV, art. 45 (selection of chief
executive), art. 68 (election of Legislative Council), and chap. 1,
art. 2 (``high degree of autonomy'').
\6\ Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the
People's Republic of China, enacted by the National People's Congress
31 March 93, effective 20 December 99, art. 23. For a discussion of the
passage and terms of the legislation, see CECC, 2009 Annual Report, 10
October 09, 302-304.
\7\ Fanny W.Y. Fung and Gary Cheung, ``Macau Security Law Praised
at Handover Event,'' South China Morning Post (Online), 5 December 09.
\8\ Keith Bradsher, ``Emboldened Hong Kong Protesters Call for Free
Elections,'' New York Times (Online), 9 July 03; ``Hong Kong Withdraws
National Security Bill,'' China Daily (Online), 5 September 03.
\9\ For additional information on the proposals, see ``Hong Kong
Government Releases Proposals for Constitutional Reform,'' CECC ChinaHuman Rights and Rule of Law Update, No. 5, 4 June 10, 2.
\10\ National People's Congress Standing Committee, Decision of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Issues Relating
to the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region and for Forming the Legislative Council
of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the Year 2012 and on
Issues Relating to Universal Suffrage, issued 29 December 07.
\11\ Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,
``Package of Proposals for the Methods for Selecting the Chief
Executive and for Forming the Legislative Council in 2012: Consultation
Document,'' reprinted in Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office in the
United States, 14 April 10.
\12\ Tom Mitchell, ``Hong Kong By-Election Thwarted by Beijing,''
Financial Times (Online), 16 May 10.
\13\ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department
of State, Country Report on Human Rights Practices--2009, China
(includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau), 11 March 10.
\14\ Robert Keatley, ``Universal Suffrage Remains the Goal--but Not
Yet in Sight,'' Hong Kong Journal (Online), April 2010.
\15\ Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of
the People's Republic of China, enacted by the National People's
Congress 4 April 90, effective 1 July 97, Annex II, Part II.
\16\ Jonathan Cheng, ``Hong Kong Lays Out Electoral Changes,'' Wall
Street Journal (Online), 19 November 09.
\17\ ``Lawmakers Pass Political Reform Package,'' South China
Morning Post (Online), 25 June 10; Robert Keatley, ``Beijing Bends--
Just a Little--and Brings a Hint of Hope to Hong Kong Politics,'' Hong
Kong Journal (Online), June 2010.
\18\ Polly Hui, ``Outcry as Hong Kong Adopts Democratic Reforms,''
Associated Press, reprinted in Google News (Online), 25 June 10; Regina
Leung, ``Ho Says Democrats Will Join July 1 Protest,'' South China
Morning Post (Online), 28 June 10.
\19\ ``Democracy Rally Stand-Off Ends in Arrest of Student,'' SouthChina Morning Post (Online), 20 March 10; Min Lee, ``Thousands Demand
Democracy in Hong Kong,'' Associated Press, reprinted in Washington
Post (Online), 1 January 10.
\20\ James Pomfret, ``Hundreds Protest Costly Railway Project in
Hong Kong,'' Reuters (Online), 8 January 10.
\21\ Albert Wong and Eva Wu, ``Multitudes March for Universal
Suffrage,'' South China Morning Post (Online), 2 January 10.
\22\ Keith Bradsher, ``As Hong Kong's Political System Stalls, So
Does Its Democracy Movement,'' New York Times (Online), 28 January 10.
\23\ Fanny W.Y. Fung and Albert Wong, ``Beijing Warning Over HK
Protests,'' South China Morning Post (Online), 7 January 10. See also
``China Warns Again Against Hong Kong Democracy Push,'' Associated
Press, reprinted in New York Times (Online), 07 March 10.
\24\ Dan Kadison and Lawrence Chung, ``HK Rises in Press Freedom
Index, but KMT `Interference' Hits Taiwan,'' South China Morning Post
(Online), 22 October 09.
\25\ Reporters Without Borders (Online), Press Freedom Index 2009.
\26\ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department
of State, Country Report on Human Rights Practices--2009, China
(includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau), 11 March 10.
\27\ Ibid.
\28\ Ibid. See also Eva Wu, ``RTHK Chief Wants Charter Issues To Be
Spelled Out,'' South China Morning Post (Online), 10 November 09; Danny
Mok, ``RTHK Fears Impact of Editorial Advisory Body,'' South China
Morning Post (Online), 5 January 10.
\29\ Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the
People's Republic of China, enacted by the National People's Congress
31 March 93, effective 20 December 99, Annexes I, II.
\30\ Chia-Peck Wong, ``China's Hu Says Macau Should Diversify Its
Economy (Update 1),'' Bloomberg (Online), 20 December 09.
\31\ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department
of State, Country Report on Human Rights Practices--2009, China
(includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau), 11 March 10.
\32\ Fox Yi Hu, ``Vote-Buying Not as Obvious but Still
Widespread,'' South China Morning Post (Online), 25 September 09.
\33\ CECC Staff Interviews; Fox Yi Hu, ``Top Officials' Business
Interests Pose Hurdle to `Sunshine Law' in Macau,'' South China Morning
Post (Online), 11 January 10; Chia-Peck Wong, ``China's Hu Says Macau
Should Diversify Its Economy (Update 1),'' Bloomberg (Online), 20
December 09.
\34\ Transparency International (Online), Corruption Perceptions
Index 2009.
\35\ See Chia-Peck Wong, ``China's Hu Says Macau Should Diversify
Its Economy (Update 1),'' Bloomberg (Online), 20 December 09
(concerning a survey conducted by the One Country Two Systems Research
Centre).
\36\ Fanny W.Y. Fung and Gary Cheung, ``Macau Security Law Praised
at Handover Event,'' South China Morning Post (Online), 5 December 09.
For detailed information on the law and its passage, see CECC, 2009
Annual Report, 10 October 09, 302-304.
\37\ Jillian Melchior, ``Macau May Day,'' Wall Street Journal
(Online), 13 May 10.
Notes to China's International Human Rights Commitments
\1\ State Council Information Office, National Human Rights Action
Plan of China (2009-2010), Xinhua (Online), 13 April 09, sec. V.
\2\ Permanent Mission of the People's Republic of China to the UN
(Online), ``Statement by H.E. Ambassador Liu Zhenmin, Deputy Permanent
Representative of China to the United Nations, at the Third Committee
of the 64th Session of the General Assembly on the Implementation of
Human Rights Instruments (Item 69A),'' 20 October 09.
\3\ State Council Information Office, National Human Rights Action
Plan of China (2009-2010), Xinhua (Online), 13 April 09, sec. V(1).
\4\ UN GAOR, Hum. Rts. Coun., 11th Sess., Report of the Working
Group on the Universal Periodic Review--China, A/HRC/11/25, 3 March 09,
paras. 63, 114(1).
\5\ The information in the chart is based on information provided
on the United Nations Treaty Collection Web site at http://
treaties.un.org/Pages/ParticipationStatus.aspx.
\6\ The information in the chart is based on information provided
on the International Labour Organization Web site at http://
www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm.
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