piątek, 18 lutego 2011

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China,'' New York Times (Online), 22 October 09. The article describes
the area as ``heavily militarized'' and ``the focus of an intense
territorial dispute between China and India.'' Wang Yueh, ``India Plans
To Independently Develop a Disputed Area of Southern Tibetan Region,''
Wen Wei Po, 20 August 09 (translated in Open Source Center, 24 August
09). Michael Richardson, ``Assuaging China's Expanding `Core'
Concerns,'' Japan Times (Online), 14 March 10 (``Beijing insists that
around 90,000 square kilometers of territory in India's mountainous
northeast, covering virtually the whole of the state of Arunachal
Pradesh, is part of China.''). For information on the link between the
China-Dalai Lama dialogue and the China-India territorial dispute over
Arunachal Pradesh, see, e.g., ``China Demands That the Dalai Lama
Fulfill Additional Preconditions to Dialogue,'' Congressional-Executive
Commission on China (Online), 30 July 08.
    \103\ Du Qingfeng and Zhang Mingha, ``Pre-feasibility Study
Underway for Lhasa-Linzhi Railway Construction'' [Lasa zhi linzhi tielu
jianshe jinxing yu kexingxing yanjiu], Tibet Daily, 13 April 10,
reprinted in China Tibet News (Online), 15 April 10.
    \104\ ``Tibet Starts Building 5th Civil Airport,'' Xinhua (Online),
30 April 09 (``China is also building a 254-km railway linking Xigaze
with the regional capital Lhasa. Construction on the 11-billion-yuan
[US$1.61 billion] Qinghai-Tibet railway's extension line started in
2008 and was expected to be completed in 2010.''). See also
``Government Announces Extension of Qinghai-Tibet Railway to Rikaze,''
CECC China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update, September 2006, 15.
    \105\ Baqiao Wangjie, ``An Expert From the Ministry of Railways
Conducts On-Site Inspection of Preparatory Work for Lhasa-Shigatse
Railway'' [Tiedaobu zhuanjia shidi kaocha la ri tielu qianqi gongzuo],
Tibet Daily, reprinted in China Tibet News (Online), 10 March 10
(``Shigatse Prefecture administration office leaders pointed out when
reporting on preparatory work for the Lhasa-Shigatse Railway that the
Lhasa-Shigatse route plan has already been confirmed and that they
fully support it, and that they would do a good job of coordination,
propaganda, land acquisition, demolition, relocation and compensation,
logistical support and security management etc in order to create a
good external environment for the project's construction.'').
      \106\ ``China Begins Extending Plateau Railway to Tibet's Second
Largest City,'' Xinhua (Online), 26 September 10.
    \107\ ``Tibet To Step Up Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Vowing
To Be `Rational,' '' Xinhua (Online), 12 March 10.
    \108\ Ibid. According to the report, Dorje, a senior official with
the TAR Land and Resources Department, said that resource exploitation
would be ``rational'' and ``minimize its impact on the environment.''
    \109\ ``Clash Over Cement Factory,'' Radio Free Asia (Online), 18
May 10. According to RFA sources, 15 Tibetans were injured and 4 were
detained. The factory began operation in 1985 but processing and
excavation areas have been expanded recently. Villagers petitioned
government authorities in May 2010 for redress, claiming that the
factory was ``polluting the environment, severely damaging farms and
pastures, disrupting villagers' normal life, blocking village roads,
and forcibly annexing village property, roads, religious sites, etc.''
    \110\ ``Villagers Renew Mine Protests,'' Radio Free Asia (Online),
12 May 10. According to an RFA source, ``thousands'' of Tibetans had
``attempted to block the Chinese from resuming mining activities,'' and
5,000 People's Armed Police were in the area. For information on the
2009 agreement to cease mining, see CECC, 2009 Annual Report, 10
October 09, 287; ``Mine Standoff Said Resolved,'' Radio Free Asia
(Online), 28 May 09.
    \111\ Qin Jiaofeng, Gama Duoji, and Quan Xiaoshu, ``Make Every
Effort To Promote Leapfrog Development in Tibet Through Adherence to
`Chinese Characteristics and Tibetan Traits'--Interview With National
People's Congress Deputy and Tibet Autonomous Region Chairman Padma
Choling,'' Xinhua, 10 March 10 (translated in Open Source Center, 10
March 10).
    \112\ ``Claiming `Fear in Tibet,' Dalai Lama Tells Lies Again,''
People's Daily, reprinted in China Tibet Online (Online), 6 November
09.
  \113\ Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2008 (Beijing: China Statistics
Press, June 2008), Table 3-4, ``Population Nationality.'' In 2007,
Tibetans made up 2,602,788 (95.1 percent) of the total TAR population
of 2,735,867. ``Claiming `Fear in Tibet,' Dalai Lama Tells Lies
Again,'' People's Daily, reprinted in China Tibet Online (Online), 6
November 09. According to the report, approximately 1.33 million TAR
farmers and herders would have been moved into new housing by the end
of 2009.
    \114\ State Council Information Office, White Paper on China's
Ethnic Policy and Common Prosperity and Development of All Ethnic
Groups, 27 September 09.
    \115\ International Campaign for Tibet (Online), ``Top-Level
Meeting in Beijing Sets Strategy on Tibet,'' 29 January 10 (settlement
threatening livelihoods); International Campaign for Tibet (Online), ``
`An eco-friendly tourist city': China's Emerging Reconstruction Plans
for Kyegu,'' 5 May 10 (``ghetto-like'' conditions arising in
settlements).
    \116\ Cui Jia, `` `Tibet's Development on Course,' '' China Daily
(Online), 11 March 10. Lhasa Mayor Dorje Tsedrub (Doje Cezhug) made the
remarks.
    \117\ CECC Staff Analysis. The mayor's remarks do not indicate
whether official concern was focused mainly on non-Tibetan itinerant
workers, whose presence some Tibetans resent, or on Tibetan itinerant
workers, whom government officials may suspect of having participated
in the rioting. See, e.g., subsection titled Officials Acknowledge
Tibetan Resentment Against the ``Floating Population,'' but Call for
More, Better Migrant Services in CECC, Special Topic Paper: Tibet 2008-
2009, 22 October 09, 43-46.
    \118\ For a discussion of official Chinese reports on the number
and characterization of passengers traveling on the Qinghai-Tibet
railway into the Tibet Autonomous Region, and of the views of some
Tibetan residents of Lhasa toward the increase in non-Tibetans in
Lhasa, see subsection titled Qinghai-Tibet Railway Carries 1.5 Million
Passengers Into the TAR in First Year in Section IV--Tibet: Special
Focus for 2007, CECC, 2007 Annual Report, 10 October 07, 203-204.



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