piątek, 18 lutego 2011

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     \86\ ``Lama Feared China's Control,'' Radio Free Asia (Online), 13
January 10.
    \87\ Kagyu Office of His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa
(Online), ``Press Statement From His Holiness the 17th Karmapa Ogyen
Trinley Dorje,'' 27 April 01 (flight into exile); Kagyu Office of His
Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa (Online), ``His Holiness the 17th
Gyalwang Karmapa,'' last visited 27 May 10 (age at flight into exile).
    \88\ ``The CPC Central Committee and the State Council Hold the
Fifth Tibet Work Forum; Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao Deliver Important
Speeches,'' Xinhua, 22 January 10 (translated in Open Source Center, 25
January 10). For more information, see ``Communist Party Leadership
Outlines 2010-2020 `Tibet Work' Priorities at `Fifth Forum,' '' CECC
China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update, No. 3, 16 March 10, 2.
    \89\ ``The CPC Central Committee and the State Council Hold the
Fifth Tibet Work Forum; Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao Deliver Important
Speeches,'' Xinhua, 22 January 10 (translated in Open Source Center, 25
January 10). ``By 2015 . . . the construction of the infrastructure
will have made great progress . . . . By 2020 . . . the conditions of
the infrastructure will have been comprehensively improved . . . .''
(Reports seen by Commission staff on Hu's Fifth Forum remarks did not
include mention of a network of railways planned for the Tibetan
plateau.)
    \90\ Ibid. ``Hu Jintao pointed out that in promoting Tibet's
development by leaps and bounds, it is all the more necessary to . . .
turn Tibet into . . . an important strategic resources reserve base. .
. . Hu Jintao emphasized that it is necessary to . . . strengthen the
construction of the infrastructure and the development of the energy
resources . . . .''
    \91\ Ibid. ``Continue to push forward the building of a socialist
new countryside with the comfortable housing project as a breakthrough
point . . . .'' For more information on compulsory settlement, see
``Communist Party Leadership Outlines 2010-2020 `Tibet Work' Priorities
at `Fifth Forum,' '' CECC China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update,
No. 3, 16 March 10, 2; Human Rights Watch (Online), `` `No One Has the
Liberty To Refuse'--Tibetan Herders Forcibly Relocated in Gansu,
Qinghai, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region,'' June 2007.
    \92\ State Council Office for the Development of the West Region,
Opinions on the Implementation of Certain Policy Measures for the
Large-Scale Development of the West Region, issued 28 August 01
(translated in Open Source Center, 20 December 01). (The opinion
provides 2000 as the date of a State Council circular on implementation
of the Great Western Development campaign.)
    \93\ ``Political Bureau Done Mapping Out New General Strategy for
Governing Tibet, Tibet Finishes Painting `Warm Spring Picture' of New
Year,'' Xinhua, 10 January 10 (translated in Open Source Center, 10
January 10); ``Communist Party Leadership Outlines 2010-2020 `Tibet
Work' Priorities at `Fifth Forum,' '' CECC China Human Rights and Rule
of Law Update, No. 3, 16 March 10, 2.
    \94\ PRC Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law, enacted 31 May 84, effective
1 October 84, amended 28 February 01, effective same day. For
information on implementation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law, see,
e.g., CECC, Special Topic Paper: Tibet 2008-2009, 22 October 09, 25-28;
Section IV--Tibet: Special Focus for 2007 in CECC, 2007 Annual Report,
10 October 07, 187-191; Section III--Monitoring Compliance With Human
Rights--Special Focus for 2005: China's Minorities and Government
Implementation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law in CECC, 2005 Annual
Report, 11 October 05, 13-23.
    \95\ See, e.g., subsection titled Officials Acknowledge Tibetan
Resentment Against the ``Floating Population,'' but Call for More,
Better Migrant Services in CECC, Special Topic Paper: Tibet 2008-2009,
22 October 09, 43-46; subsection titled Economic Development vs. Ethnic
Minorities' Autonomous Rights in CECC, 2008 Annual Report, 31 October
08, 192-194; subsection titled Tibetan Culture Under Chinese
Development Policy and Practice in CECC, 2007 Annual Report, 10 October
07, 200-207; subsection titled Culture, Development, and Demography in
CECC, 2006 Annual Report, 20 September 06, 165-170.   \96\ The Crisis in Tibet: Finding a Path to Peace, Hearing of the
Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 23 April 08, Written
Statement Submitted by Steven Marshall, Senior Advisor, Congressional-
Executive Commission on China (``Increasing Tibetan resentment against
Chinese policies that impact diverse areas of Tibetan life--religious
and economic, urban and pastoral--sheds light on why monks, townsfolk,
and nomads risked participating in protests across a wide swath of the
Tibetan plateau.'').
    \97\ CECC, Special Topic Paper: Tibet 2008-2009, 22 October 10, 46-
53; CECC, 2009 Annual Report, 10 October 09, 285-286.
    \98\ Sichuan Provincial People's Government (Online), ``A Series of
Major Projects To Kick Off in 2010,'' 25 January 10; ``Work on the
Chengdu-Kangding Railway Planned To Start Next Year, Travel Time From
Chengdu to Erlang Shan To Be 1.5 Hours'' [Chengkang tielu yuji mingnian
donggong cong chengdu dao erlangshan 1.5 xiaoshi], Huaxi Metropolitan
News, reprinted in Sichuan Online (Online), 2 April 10. According to
the Huaxi Metropolitan News report, the length of the Chengdu-Kangding
link would be 344 kilometers.
    \99\ ``Work on the Chengdu-Kangding Railway Planned To Start Next
Year, Travel Time From Chengdu to Erlang Shan To Be 1.5 Hours''
[Chengkang tielu yuji mingnian donggong cong chengdu dao erlangshan 1.5
xiaoshi], Huaxi Metropolitan News, reprinted in Sichuan Online
(Online), 2 April 10.
    \100\ Du Qingfeng and Zhang Mingha, ``Pre-feasibility Study
Underway for Lhasa-Linzhi Railway Construction'' [Lasa zhi linzhi tielu
jianshe jinxing yu kexingxing yanjiu], Tibet Daily, 13 April 10,
reprinted in China Tibet News (Online), 15 April 10.
    \101\ Ibid.
    \102\ Edward Wong, ``Dalai Lama To Visit Indian Region Claimed by
China,'' New York Times (Online), 22 October 09. The article describes



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