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   \119\ ``Transcript of Tibet Officials' 6 Mar Interview With
Reporters During NPC Session,'' Xinhua, 6 March 09 (translated in Open
Source Center, 15 March 09); Lan Jinshan, ``Zhang Yijiong's Emphasis on
the Promotion of Services and Management for Floating Population Sets a
New Platform'' [Zhang yijiong qiangdiao tuidong liudong renkou fuwu he
guanli mai shang xin taijie], China Tibet News (Online), 3 September
08. See also ``Unavoidable Internal Problems, Separatists Blamed for
Lhasa Riot,'' China Daily (Online), 19 March 09.
    \120\ Xu Changan, ``Wen Jiabao Explains China's Ethnic Policy With
Its Firm, Soft Aspects in Work Report,'' Xinhua, 5 March 10 (translated
in Open Source Center, 14 March 10).
    \121\ Ibid. According to the report, ``Analysts say this is the
first government work report that raises the issue of reviewing
services for and the management of the minority floating population.''
    \122\ CECC Political Prisoner Database. Based on Political Prisoner
Database data as of September 3, 2010, 98 political detentions of
Tibetans were recorded for the portion of the Commission's 2010
reporting year included in September 2009 through August 2010. In
comparison, the PPD records the political detention of 181 Tibetans
during the same period included in the Commission's 2009 reporting year
(September 2008 through August 2009).
    \123\ PRC Criminal Law, enacted 1 July 79, amended 14 March 97,
effective 1 October 97, amended 25 December 99, 31 August 01, 29
December 01, 28 December 02, 28 February 05, 29 June 06, 28 February
09, art. 103 (``splitting the State or undermining unity of the
country''), art. 111 (``unlawfully [supplying] State secrets or
intelligence for an organ, organization or individual outside the
territory'').
    \124\ PRC Constitution, adopted 4 December 82, amended 12 April 88,
29 March 93, 15 March 99, 14 March 04, arts. 35 (``freedom of speech,
of the press, of assembly, of association''), 36 (``freedom of
religious belief'').
    \125\ ``China Jails Tibetan Filmmaker,'' Radio Free Asia (Online),
6 January 10. According to RFA, Tibetans discussed on camera ``their
views on Tibet's exiled leader the Dalai Lama, the Beijing Olympics,
and Chinese laws.''
    \126\ International Campaign for Tibet (Online), ``Founder of
Tibetan Cultural Website Sentenced to 15 Years in Closed-Door Trial in
Freedom of Expression Case,'' 16 November 09; Woeser, ``Tibetans
Currently Suffering the Calamity of Imprisonment'' [Zhengzai jingshou
laoyuzhizai de zangren], Middle Way Blog, 19 December 09; Tibetan
Centre for Human Rights and Democracy (Online), ``A Tibetan Writer-
Photographer Sentenced,'' 19 November 09; ``Chinese Courts Use
`Secrets' Law To Sentence Tibetan Online Authors to Imprisonment,''
CECC China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update, No. 2, 5 February 10.
    \127\ Human Rights Watch (Online), ``China: Drop Charges Against
Tibetan Environmental Philanthropist,'' 10 June 10 (``These people
embody the characteristics the government says it wants in modern
Tibetans . . . yet they, too, are being treated as criminals.'');
TibetInfoNet (Online), ``Landmark Sentencing/ '' 30 June 10 (``. . .
potentially a hard blow for the further development of the vigorous
grassroots social and ecological activism that has spread over many
parts of Tibetan regions.''); Cara Anna, ``China Now Pressuring
Tibetans Outside Politics,'' Associated Press, reprinted in Yahoo
(Online), 18 June 10 (``. . . activist groups say a growing number of
Tibetan intellectuals are coming under pressure from authorities
determined to squelch all forms of dissent.'').
    \128\ CECC Political Prisoner Database. See also International
Campaign for Tibet (Online), ``Fears for School Founder in Prison,'' 12
September 05; Dui Hua Foundation (Online), ``Clemency Granted to
Tibetan Monk, Labor Activist,'' 28 February 06.
    \129\ CECC Political Prisoner Database. See also Dui Hua
Foundation, ``Criminal Verdict of the Sichuan Province Ganzi Tibetan
Minority Autonomous Prefecture Intermediate People's Court, 2000. Ganzi Intermediate Court Verdict No. 11,'' in Selection of Cases from the
Criminal Law, August 2003, 42-55; ``Party Congress Promotes Officials
Linked to Harsh Policies Toward Tibetans,'' CECC China Human Rights and
Rule of Law Update, January 2008, 2.
    \130\ CECC Political Prisoner Database. See also ``Relatives Visit
Imprisoned Buddhist Teacher Tenzin Deleg, Officials Report Ill
Health,'' CECC China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update, No. 6, 12
July 10, 4; CECC, Topic Paper: The Execution of Lobsang Dondrub and the
Case Against Tenzin Deleg: The Law, the Courts, and the Debate on
Legality, 10 February 03.
    \131\ CECC Political Prisoner Database. See also CECC, 2009 Annual
Report, 10 October 09, 142; CECC, Special Topic Paper: Tibet 2008-2009,
22 October 09, 79-81; International Campaign for Tibet (Online),
``Influential Tibetan Lama Sentenced to Eight and a Half Years in
Prison,'' 4 January 10.
    \132\ TibetInfoNet (Online), ``Landmark Sentencing/ '' 30 June 10
(Karma Samdrub ``establishment of an ambitious museum of Tibetan
culture, in partnership with the [Party's United Front Work
Department]''); Andrew Jacobs, ``Tibetans Fear a Broader Crackdown,''
Associated Press, reprinted in New York Times (Online), 23 June 10
(Karma Samdrub was the ``kind of [Tibetan] who put the Chinese
Communist Party at ease''); Cara Anna, ``China Now Pressuring Tibetans
Outside Politics,'' Associated Press, reprinted in Yahoo (Online), 18
June 10 (Karma Samdrub ``won national awards and praise, and he stayed
out of the region's highly charged politics''; Tagyal was ``was seen by
fellow Tibetans as an `official intellectual' for usually toeing the
Communist Party's line''); ``Tibetan Quake Critic Still Held,'' Radio
Free Asia (Online), 30 April 10 (Tagyal ``has written books that
largely aligned with the Chinese government's views on modernization,
religion, and culture in Tibet.''); High Peaks Pure Earth (Online),
``Earthquake in Tibet, Leading Tibetan Intellectual `Shogdung' Detained
in Xining,'' 26 April 10 (Tagyal ``argued that Tibetans should embrace
modernisation and disassociate from traditional Buddhism learning as a
means of overcoming their present condition.'').



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